Development of Natural Gas Field Producer Training

Day 1

1 Introduction

• Scope of the Course and State of the art of Reservoir  Engineering
• Instructor and Participants Introduction

2 Brief Review Basic Rock and Rock-Fluid Properties

• Permeability, Porosity, Saturation and Compressibility
• Wettability
• Capillary Pressure
• Relative Permeability
• Drainage and Imbibition Concepts Apply to
• Reservoir Engineering
• Mathematical Models to Generate Kro and Krw Vs
• Sw Empirical Curves
• Discussion, Examples and Problem solutions

3. Classification of Reservoirs Fluids and Reservoir

• Types of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids
• Reservoir Development Decisions That are influenced by Fluid Type
• Phase Diagrams
• Black oil Diagrams
• Volatile Oil Diagram
• Retrograde Gas Condensate Phase Diagram
• Wet Gas Phase Diagram
• Dry Gas Phase Diagram
• Used Production Indicators for Black and Volatile Oils

DAY 2

4. Oil and Gas Economics and Used of Economic Excel functions

• Project Economic Analysis
• Economics Measurements
• Cash Flow Report
• Rate of Return (IRR)
• Depreciation in Economic Analysis
• Key input for Projects
• Use of Microsoft Excel Computer Functions
• Economic Practice and Exercises

5. Analysis of Natural Fluids Displacing Mechanisms in the Reservoir

• Rock and Fluids Expansion
• Gas Cap Drive
• Water Drive
• Gravity Segregation
• Combine Mechanisms
• Performing Data for Each Reservoir under one or combined Mechanisms

DAY 3

6. Pressure Acquisition in Reservoir Engineering and Determination of Well Production Capacity

• Gas Well Testing
• What is Well Testing?
• Why do we do Well Testing
• What is Pressure Transient Analysis
• Types of Tests
• Build-up test (Example and Application Problem)
• Falloff Test (Example and Application Problem)
• Deliverability Test Plot and Calculations
• Isochronal Testing/ Example calculation
• Jones, Blount and Glaze Method
• Calculation of Average Reservoir Pressure
• Well Average Pressure
• Areal Average Pressure
• Volumetric Average Pressure
• Example and Problems

7. Gas Flow Trough Porous Media

• Linear Flow of Gas Darcy and Poiseuille’s Equation
• Linear Flow throughout Fractures and
• Channels Flow Throughout
• Radial Laminar Flow of Gas and Turbulent Flow of Gas

DAY 4

8. Volumetric Calculation and MBA Applied to Gas Reservoirs

• The Perfect Gas Law
• Specific Gravity of Gases
• Non- Ideal or Real Gases
• Reservoir Gas Volume Factors, Density and Gradients
• Calculating Gas in Place by the Volumetric Method
• Calculating of the Unit recovery From Volumetric Method
• Material Balance in Gas Reservoirs
• Limitation of Equation and Errors

9. MBA as a Straight Line (Havlena and Oded Techniques)

10. Methods of Production Forecast and Gas Reservoir Model_Software

• Productivity Index and IPR
• MBA as a Predictive Tool/ MBA Software application to Gas Reservoir Projects
• Case History, Calculation & Exercises

11. Modern Pressure Maintenance by Nitrogen Injection in Gas Reservoirs (Optional)

• Concept of Pressure maintenance by using Nitrogen Injection
• Theory and Applications
• The Concept of the use of Nitrogen in Substitution Projects
• Case History

12. Development and Optimization of Gas Reservoir

• A Model for Gas Field Development
• Gas Reservoir with or without Aquifer
• The Model and Solution techniques
• Effect of Permeability on Gas Production
• Effect of Water Inflow on Gas Production
• Effect of Production Rate on Gas Recovery
• Effect of Water Viscosity and Compressibility
• Rebuilding of Pressure History
• Determination of Optimum Number of Well to be Drilled
• Depending on Gas Demand

DAY 5

13. Field Operational Problems

• Prediction of Sand Production in Gas Wells with the Production of Water
• USA Gulf Coast Case Study
• P/Z versus G, Plots used as detection tools ( Use of MBA_software)
• Rate Versus Time Plots

14. Gas Field Design & Development

• Field Development process
• Exploitation Field Development Phases
• Case Study: Development Boylston Project
• Reservoir Geological Model
• 2D Seismic Survey of Boylston Prospect
• Structural map  Carrie Sandstone
• Development Plan
• Characteristic of Well log Carry Sandstone
• Estimation of Hydrocarbon in Place
• Nat. Gas Composition and Saturation
• Well Performance
• Gas Reservoir Performance
• Field Performance Planning
• Reservoir Development Plan
• Economic Evaluation
• Project Development Optimization

15. Gas Measurement Technology (Optional)

• Orifice Metering
• Other types of Gas Meters
• Example of Orifice Meter field Application

16 General Discussion and Conclusions